Kingdom, Covenants and Canon of the Old Testament Section Study Guides Thirdmill 316 Live Oaks Boulevard Casselberry, FL 32707 USA KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 1.1 Lesson 1: Why Study the Old Testament? Section 1: Distance from Us OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES Introduction I. Distance from Us A. Causes 1. Organic Inspiration 2. Divine Accommodation B. Kinds 1. Theological 2. Cultural 3. Personal REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Indicate the meaning of the following theories of inspiration: organic, mechanical, and romantic. Which of the three theories of inspiration best describes the way the Bible was inspired? 2. What does it mean that God "accommodates" to man as He communicates to us? 3. What nation was the primary audience for the Old Testament writings? 4. According to Dr. Pratt, why did God write the Ten Commandments on stones? 5. What kinds of ancient Near-Eastern literary styles are found in the Old Testament? 6. What three basic types of "distance" does Dr. Pratt mention that come between us and the Old Testament? Explain and give examples of each type. QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. Is the Old Testament sometimes confusing to you? Give examples and explain why. 2. Has this lesson changed your understanding of the inspiration of the Bible? In what way? 3. How can you try to shorten the "distance" between yourself and the Old Testament? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 1.2 Lesson 1: Why Study the Old Testament? Section 2: Relevance for Us OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES II. Relevance for Us A. Teachings of Jesus 1. Negative Comments 2. Positive Affirmations B. Teachings of Paul 1. Negative Comments 2. Positive Affirmations REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Explain Dr. Pratt's interpretation of Matthew 5-7. 2. What does the Old Testament actually teach about murder? 3. What does the Old Testament actually teach about adultery? 4. What does the Old Testament actually teach about divorce? 5. What was the purpose of the Old Testament teaching about "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth"? 6. According to Dr. Pratt, what was Jesus saying in Matthew 5:17-19 about the Old Testament law? 7. According to the lesson, what is Paul opposing in Galatians 3:1-6? 8. In 2 Timothy 3:16, what does Paul have in mind when he refers to "Scripture"? 9. According to 2 Timothy 3:16, in what ways is the Old Testament relevant, authoritative and useful to New Testament believers? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. How would you respond to someone who said, "Jesus’ teaching on such things as murder, adultery and love for enemies contradicts the teachings of the Old Testament"? 2. In the Sermon on the Mount, why did Jesus keep contrasting what was said versus what was written? In what ways might modern Christians be tempted to make errors like those that Jesus refuted? 3. How do you think we should use the Old Testament laws today? Should we apply them in the same way they were meant to be applied then? How about the sacrificial laws and laws about food and purifications? How about the punishments for committing sins? What has changed with the coming of Jesus and with the expansion of the kingdom to include people of all ethnic groups? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 1.3 Lesson 1: Why Study the Old Testament? Section 3: Application to Us OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES III. Application to Us A. Challenge B. Connections 1. Same God 2. Same World 3. Same Kind of People C. Developments 1. Epochal 2. Cultural 3. Personal Summary REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. According to Dr. Pratt, what can we do to overcome the distance between us and the Old Testament? 2. What three key things do we have in common with the original audiences of the Old Testament? 3. In what sense is God unchanging? 4. What is the difference between God’s "covenant promises" and His "threats and offers" in the Old Testament? 5. In what way is David parallel to Jesus in his role? 6. What are the three major tendencies people exhibit when comparing the OT to the NT and making epochal adjustments? Which approach does Dr. Pratt suggest for analyzing the relationship between the Old Testament and the New Testament? 7. Explain Paul's analogy in Galatians 3:24. How does it help distinguish between God’s people in the OT and God’s people in the NT? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. Has this lesson changed the way you view the differences between the Old Testament and the New Testament? In what ways? 2. What practical difference does it make to you that God is unchanging? 3. What are the most important insights you have gained from the study of Lesson 1? 4. Read the following quotes and express whether you agree or disagree. (After answering the questions, you may see the source of the quotes at the end of this document, after the last study guide. See *) A. "It may be concluded then, that the law which was given by Moses was a covenant of works, that it was “added” after centuries of human history, that its reign was terminated by the death of Christ, that it was given to Israel only, and that, since it was never given to Gentiles, the only relation that Gentiles can sustain to it is, without any divine authority, to impose it upon themselves." ___ I totally agree. ___ I agree somewhat. ___ I totally disagree. ___ I'm not sure. B. "Not even the very least extensive number of the very least significant aspect of the Older Testamental law will become invalid until heaven and earth pass away ___ I totally agree. ___ I agree somewhat. ___ I totally disagree. ___ I'm not sure. C. "Those ceremonial practices indeed properly belonged to the doctrine of piety, inasmuch as they kept the church of the Jews in service and reverence to God, and yet could be distinguished from piety itself. In like manner, the form of their judicial laws, although it had no other interest than how best to preserve that very love which is enjoined by God’s eternal law, had something distinct from the precept of love. Therefore, as ceremonial laws could be abrogated while piety remained safe and unharmed, so too, when these judicial laws were taken away, the perpetual duties and precepts of love could still remain." ___ I totally agree. ___ I agree somewhat. ___ I totally disagree. ___ I'm not sure. D. "The Ten Commandments require no life of prayer, no Christian service, no evangelism, no missionary effort, no gospel preaching, no life and walk in the Spirit, no Fatherhood of God, no union with Christ, no fellowship of saints, no hope of salvation, and no hope of heaven." ___ I totally agree. ___ I agree somewhat. ___ I totally disagree. ___ I'm not sure. Explain your responses. KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 2.1 Lesson 2: The Kingdom of God Section 1: Broad and Narrow OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES Introduction I. Broad and Narrow A. Unchanging B. Developing REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How was the sovereignty of Yahweh, the God of Israel, different from the sovereignty of the gods of Israel’s neighbors? 2. What does Matthew 6:9-10 teach us about the difference between God’s universal kingship and the historical development of his kingdom? 3. According to Jesus’ prayer, what is supposed to happen to the earth when the kingdom of God is fully here? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. Why is it important to you to recognize that God is sovereign? How would your life change if you did NOT believe that God was sovereign? Mention some examples. 2. What do you think Jesus meant in Matthew 6:9-10 when he taught his disciples to pray "your kingdom come"? In what ways do we see the kingdom manifested? 3. In what practical and specific ways can you help establish God's kingdom here on earth? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 2.2 Lesson 2: The Kingdom of God Section 2: Primeval History OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES II. Primeval History A. Place (13:21) 1. Initial Preparations 2. Ongoing Expansion B. People 1. Priests 2. Vice-Regents C. Progress 1. Cosmic Treason 2. Corruption and Judgment 3. Long-term strategy REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How does Dr. Pratt describe God's work in Genesis 1:3-31? 2. Lesson 2 explains three key aspects of the kingdom of God, as it became manifest in primeval history. What are they? 3. What are some of the other meanings of the word used in Genesis 1:31, when God looks at the creation and says that it is "good" (in Hebrew, "tov")? 4. What was to be the place of God's kingdom, as it was manifest in primeval history? 5. What analogy does Dr. Pratt use to explain how made the land of Eden, and the Garden of Eden within it, as a special place? 6. What does the word "Eden" mean in Hebrew? 7. Who were to be the people of God's kingdom, as it was manifest in primeval history? 8. What does it mean to say that Adam and Eve were given the job of "priesthood"? 9. What is the "image of God" in man, according to Dr. Pratt? 10. What does it mean to say that Adam and Eve were ordained as "royalty"? 11. What were the three stages of the progress of the kingdom of God as manifest in primeval history? 12. Did the rebellion of Adam and Eve eliminate their role as "kingdom builders"? 13. In Genesis 9:1, what did God tell Noah and his sons to do? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. What importance does it have for you that man was made in the image of God? How does it make you feel about yourself? How does it change the way you treat others, even people that are not easy to love? 2. Read Genesis 1:28 and write down ways in which you can obey these commands. Think not only of the physical world, but also of society and culture in general. KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 2.3 Lesson 2: The Kingdom of God Section 3: Nation of Israel OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES III. Nation of Israel A. Place 1. Original Center 2. Extension B. People 1. Selection of Israel 2. Kingdom of Priests 3. Priests and Kings C. Progress 1. Promise 2. Exodus and Conquest 3. Empire REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is Dr. Pratt’s opinion about the place of the Garden of Eden? How does he defend his view. 2. What was the place where God focused the establishment of His kingdom during the history of Israel, with the ultimate goal of extending to the whole earth? 3. What are the names of the rivers that formed the borders on the northeast and on the southwest of the land that God promised Abraham? 4. Explain how the kingdom expanded beyond its original borders in the Old Testament. 5. Explain how God selected a people to establish His kingdom during the history of the nation of Israel. 6. Which of Noah’s sons was chosen to continue this family line? 7. Which of Isaac’s sons continued the line of descent becoming the familial head of the twelve tribes of Israel? 8. Note the contents of Exodus 19:4-6. 9. Whose family was selected to serve in the specialized office of priest? 10. Whose family was chosen to serve in the office of king? 11. What were the three stages in the progress of the kingdom during the history of the nation of Israel? 12. During the time of the patriarchs, God made many promises concerning the future of Israel. Our lesson breaks these down into two categories. What are these categories? 13. Note the main point of Genesis 15:7, Exodus 15:1-18, and 1 Chronicles 28:2. 14. According to Psalm 72:1-17, what was the ultimate purpose in setting up a king, a temple, and a capital city in Jerusalem? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. What does an earthly kingdom include? How are similar things included in the kingdom of God? What things are different? 2. Consider how the concept of the kingdom of God is important for understanding the meaning of salvation and your relationship with Christ. Write down some of your ideas. 3. What lessons can we learn from the kingdom of God expressed in the nation of Israel that would be helpful for our churches today? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 2.4 Lesson 2: The Kingdom of God Section 4: New Testament OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES IV. New Testament A. Place 1. Center 2. Expansion B. People 1. Christ 2. Believers C. Progress 1. Inauguration 2. Continuation 3. Consummation Summary REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Where does the New Testament place the center of God’s program for his kingdom? To where was it to expand? 2. Who were the people of God as the kingdom was established during the New Testament? 3. What does Luke 4:17-19 (quoting Isaiah 61) mean when it proclaims "freedom for the prisoners … to release the oppressed." 4. What does 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 teach us about Christ? 5. How is Christ rewarded for His obedience? 6. How does Hebrews 4:14 portray Christ? 7. How does Luke 1:32-33 depict Christ? 8. What is the difference in the way the Old Testament and the New Testament describe who is included in the people of God? 9. What does the Parable of the Mustard Seed in Matthew 13:31-32 teach us about the coming of the kingdom of God? 10. What are the stages of the kingdom of God in the New Testament age? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. In what ways do you think we tend to individualize salvation too much? How does the concept of the kingdom of God help correct this over-emphasis? 2. In what ways do you see the kingdom of God expanding today? What can you do to contribute to its expansion? 3. “The Switchman” This lesson highlights the fact that God has a plan for history, to establish His kingdom. Things don’t happen by chance. This is a key theme in all of Scripture, and helpful for all of life. If we didn’t believe that God is working out His sovereign and perfect plan, we could become discouraged and feel like life is chaotic, without a clear purpose. Juan José Arreola, a Mexican author, has written a fascinating short story called "The Switchman" ("El guardagujas" in Spanish). A man arrives at a train station with his ticket in hand, hoping to soon catch the train to "T." But nobody is there except for an old man with a lantern, calling himself the switchman, who recommends that he rent a room in the hotel, ...hopefully for a month! He explains that the country is famous for their trains, that many tracks have been laid, much promotion has been made, and many tickets have been sold, but that they are "not well organized." When the traveler asks if any trains come through the town, the old man answers that to affirm so would be "inexact." Furthermore, even if you do get on a train, nobody expects to be taken to their proper destination. Sometimes the trains take years to arrive, and during the trip, people are often transformed in unusual ways, ... some even die! He says that once a train came to an abyss, with no bridge. The conductor asked the passengers to take the train apart, and carry the train, piece by piece, to the other side. This worked out so well, the company decided that it was not necessary to build a bridge at all! Finally, a train does appear. When the switchman asks the traveler to remind him where he is going, he says he is going to "X!" [Juan José Arreola, "El guardagujas," in Cuentos Hispanoamericanos, ed. Mario Rodríguez Fernández (Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, 1998), pp. 235-242] While it may not necessarily be the main point of the author, the bizarre story illustrates what life would seem like if we did not believe in a God who is governing everything. What do you think? What does the story teach us about life without a sovereign God? 4. Read Proverbs 16:1 and 16:33, and write down the emphasis that these verses have in common. 5. Read Psalm 23 and write down the emphasis. 6. How does it affect you to know that God governs everything, that He will fulfill His plan perfectly, and that He loves you and cares for you? How do these truths help you confront difficulties? Give a concrete example. KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 3.1 Lesson 3: Divine Covenants Section 1: Kingdom and Covenants OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES Introduction I. Kingdom and Covenants A. Archaeological Discoveries B. Biblical Insights REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Explain the concept of "suzerain-vassal treaties." What does this term mean? 2. What three aspects did suzerain-vassal treaties typically include? 3. In the proper order, identify the names of the six figures of the Bible with whom God made His key covenants. 4. How does Exodus 19:4-6 illustrate the three characteristics of a suzerain-vassal treaty? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. What practical importance does it have for you that God rules and administers His kingdom through covenants? For example, does it help you interpret the Bible? Does it strengthen your confidence in God’s promises? 2. Do you think of your salvation in terms of a covenant that God has made with you? What practical importance does this concept have for you? What covenant promises has God made with you regarding your salvation? What does God expect of you in terms of covenant faithfulness? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 3.2 Lesson 3: Divine Covenants Section 2: History of the Covenants OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES II. History of the Covenants A. Universal Covenants 1. Adam 2. Noah B. National Covenants 1. Abraham 2. Moses 3. David C. New Covenant REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Identify the category of covenant that God made with Adam and Noah, then with Abraham, Moses, and David, then with Christ. 2. What are "universal" covenants? 3. Why does Dr. Pratt think it is appropriate to speak of a covenant with Adam? 4. How did the promises of the Abrahamic Covenant compare to those of the covenants with Adam and Noah? 5. What is the primary emphasis of the Mosaic Covenant? 6. What is emphasized in the covenant with David? 7. Identify the description given to the covenant made with each person, according to the lesson: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Christ. QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. Is the study of the covenants new to you? How does the study of the covenants affect your view of God and your relationship with Him? 2. In what ways do you see incorrect views of the meaning of salvation today? How does the study of the covenant help correct these errors? 3. In what ways do you see expressions of too much emphasis on individualism in the Church? Mention examples. How does the concept of the covenant help correct this tendency? 4. What do you think of the frequent emphasis on material and physical prosperity in many churches today? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 3.3 Lesson 3: Divine Covenants Section 3: Dynamics of the Covenants OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES III. Dynamics of the Covenants A. Universal Covenants 1. Adam 2. Noah B. National Covenants 1. Abraham 2. Moses 3. David C. New Covenant REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Identify the aspect of the Covenant of Foundations with Adam and Eve demonstrated by each statement in the first few chapters of Genesis. 2. Was the covenant of foundations with Adam and Eve binding on all of humanity? 3. Identify the aspects of the Covenant of Stability with Noah. 4. Identify the aspects of the Covenant of Promise with Abraham. 5. Identify the aspects of the Covenant of Law with Moses. 6. Identify the aspects of the Covenant of Kingship with David. 7. Identify the aspects of the Covenant of Fulfillment with Christ. 8. How does Hebrews 9:28 depict Christ’s role in the consummation of the promises of the new covenant? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. What practical benefits do we have in the New Covenant? Give examples. 2. What practical differences are there for us who live on this historical side of the cross? Give examples. KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 3.4 Lesson 3: Divine Covenants Section 4: People of the Covenants OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES IV. People of the Covenants A. Divisions of humanity 1. Within Covenants 2. Included and Excluded B. Application of Dynamics 1. Unbelievers Excluded 2. Unbelievers Included 3. Believers Included Summary REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. In the Bible, what does it mean to be unsaved? 2. For whom were the promises of the universal covenants? 3. For whom were the promises of the national covenants? 4. For whom are the promises of the New Covenant? 5. What are the three kinds of people in the world, as Dr. Pratt describes them? 6. Who receives the blessings of God’s benevolence? 7. Who has an obligation to worship and serve their creator? 8. Who will receive blessings and curses for loyalty or disloyalty to God? 9. Who will receive eternal blessings from God? 10. Who receives special temporary blessings? 11. For whom will eternal punishment be even more severe? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. How has this section changed your view of people inside and outside the covenant? 2. How has this section changed your view of people inside and outside the Church? 3. What is the most important thing you have learned in this whole lesson? Explain why. 4. Analyzing covenant concepts in Genesis 15:1-21, Genesis 17:1, and Isaiah 53:4-6: Read the covenant ceremony in Genesis 15. What do you think is symbolized by cutting the animals in half? Read Genesis 17:1. What did God require of Abraham in the covenant, according to this verse? Do you think that Abraham faithfully kept his part of the covenant? Read Isaiah 53:4-6. Who was punished for not keeping the covenant? How do these passages in Genesis 15:1-21, 17:1, and Isaiah 53:4-6 help you understand the gospel? Write down some thoughts. KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 4.1 Lesson 4: The Canon of the Old Testament Section 1: Canon as Mirror OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES Introduction I. Canon as Mirror A. Basis 1. Character of Scripture 2. Biblical Examples B. Focus 1. Doctrines 2. Examples 3. Personal Needs REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. When Dr. Pratt refers to the Old Testament as a "canon," what does he mean? 2. Explain the three ways the teaching of the Old Testament comes to the people of God, and explain the metaphor that corresponds to each one. 3. What is the "thematic analysis" of the Old Testament? How can it help us? 4. What arguments justify the "thematic analysis" of the Old Testament? 5. What kinds of themes we can legitimately study in a biblical passage? 6. Explain how biblical writers refer to characters who were not very admirable examples. What can we learn from them? 7. According to Dr. Pratt, what kinds of themes and concerns are appropriate to focus on for thematic analysis (as long as it is done properly)? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. How would you describe the way you have used the Old Testament in the past? Have you been using it as a “mirror”? 2. What did you learn from this section of the lesson? What changes do you think you need to make in the way you study and apply the Old Testament? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 4.2 Lesson 4: The Canon of the Old Testament Section 2: Canon as Window OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES II. Canon as Window A. Basis 1. Character of Scripture 2. Biblical Examples B. Focus 1. Synchronic Snapshot 2. Diachronic Trace REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is the "historical analysis" of the Old Testament? How can it help us? 2. What arguments justify the historical analysis ("window" approach) of the Old Testament? 3. Our lesson states that the correspondence between the Old Testament and actual history has to be "qualified," and it gives several reasons for this. What are they? 4. What are some biblical historical teachings that scholars sometimes question? 5. What are some of the possible reasons that biblical history may not seem to correspond to scientific or historical evidence? 6. What attitude does Dr. Pratt recommend regarding trying to show the correlation between the Old Testament and the claims of science or history? 7. What attitude does the writer of 1 Chronicles 1:1-4 have toward the first five chapters of Genesis? 8. In his sermon in Acts 7, how does Stephen treat the historical data from the Old Testament? 9. What is a "synchronic snapshot" as we do biblical theology? 10. What is a "diachronic trace" as we do biblical theology? 11. How does a diachronic trace help us see the greater significance of the promise to Abraham of a land for his descendants? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. Do you use the Old Testament as a “window” when you study it? Give an example. 2. What is your attitude toward the authority and infallibility of the Old Testament? 3. In what ways did this lesson help you in your attitude toward the Old Testament? 4. How would you answer a comment that tries to show that the Old Testament contains scientific or historical errors? For example, what if someone said the parting of the Red Sea during the exodus could not have really occurred the way the Bible says? What if someone argued that the creation account in Genesis is only a poetic description? What if someone believes that the prophecies must have been written after their fulfillment, because nobody could have known the future? KINGDOM, COVENANTS & CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT STUDY GUIDE 4.3 Lesson 4: The Old Testament Canon Section 3: Canon as Picture OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES III. Canon as Picture A. Basis 1. Character of Scripture 2. Biblical Examples B. Focus 1. Writer 2. Audience 3. Document Summary REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is the "literary analysis" of the Old Testament? How can it help us? 2. What does it mean to see the Old Testament as a "picture"? 3. Where did the titles of the Old Testament books originate? 4. What special literary feature must we remember about 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles, and Ezra-Nehemiah? 5. The books of the Old Testament appear in a particular order in modern Bibles. How was this order established? 6. In Mark 10, how did Jesus use literary analysis in interpreting Deuteronomy 24:1 on the topic of divorce? 7. What do Sarah and Isaac represent in Galatians 4:22-24? 8. According to Dr. Pratt, there is a danger of too much speculation concerning Old Testament writers, especially trying to discern what? 9. From the internal evidence in Chronicles, what can we deduce about its writer? 10. What can we determine about the audience of Chronicles? What are some benefits of considering this information when we read Chronicles? 11. What is the "graphic fallacy," as Dr. Pratt defines it? 12. What can we learn by comparing the parallel accounts of King Manasseh in 2 Kings 21 and 2 Chronicles 33? QUESTIONS FOR APPLICATION AND REFLECTION 1. How has your attitude toward the Old Testament changed because of the study of this lesson? 2. What are the most important things you have learned in this course? 3. Taking into account what you have learned in this course, do a study of Genesis 12:1-3 and prepare an outline for a Bible study or sermon, based on the passage. * Source of quotes for application question 4 of Study Guide 1.3 Quote A is taken from: Lewis Sperry Chafer. Systematic Theology, 8 vols. (Dallas: Dallas Seminary Press, 1948) 4:166. Quote B is taken from: Greg Bahnsen. Theonomy in Christian Ethics (Nutley, N.J., Craig Press, 1979), p. 73. Quote C is taken from: John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeil, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, vols. 20, 21. The Library of Christian Classics, 26 vols. (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960), Book 4, Chapter 20, Section 15. Quote D is taken from: Lewis Sperry Chafer. Systematic Theology, 8 vols. (Dallas: Dallas Seminary Press, 1948) 4:211. © 2018 by Third Millennium Ministries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means for profit, except in brief quotations for the purposes of review, comment, or scholarship, without written permission from the publisher, Third Millennium Ministries, Inc., 316 Live Oaks Boulevard, Casselberry, FL 32707 USA.